![]() ![]() Later, Linux was cultivated, and then the development of the Linux kernel appeared on Linux systems. Torvalds started the Linux kernel development on MINIX, and software written for MINIX was used on Linux as well. Frustrated by the MINIX licensing, which limited it to only educational use at the time, he started to work on his operating system kernel, which became the Linux Kernel eventually. ![]() He became interested in operating systems in 1991. It was together with this course that Torvalds initially became open to Unix. The textbook contained a copy of the MINIX operating system of Tanenbaum. The course used a MicroVAX minicomputer executing Ultrix, and one of the needed texts was Operating Systems: Design and Implementation by Andrews S. Torvalds registered in a Unix course while visiting the University of Helsinki in the 1990's fall. The availability of a Unix high-level language implementation made its porting to distinct computer platforms convenient. It was updated in the C language by Dennis Ritchie in a key pioneering way in 1973. ![]() First published in 1971, Unix was entirely written in assembly language, as was the basic practice at the time. The Unix-based operating system was implemented and conceived in 1969 at AT&T's Bell labs by Joe Ossanna, Douglas Mcllroy, Dennis Ritchie, and Ken Thompson in the United States. For example, the Linux kernel is licensed upon the GPLv2. The source code may be distributed, modified, and used non-commercially or commercially by everyone under the conditions of its respective licenses, like the GNU GPL (General Public License). Linux is one of the most outstanding examples of open-source and free software collaboration.
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